|
|
Capital |
Ankara
39°55′N 32°50′E |
|
Largest city |
Istanbul |
|
Official language(s) |
Turkish |
|
Demonym |
Turkish |
|
Legislature |
Grand National Assembly |
|
Succession |
to
the Ottoman
Empire |
|
- |
Treaty of Lausanne |
July 24, 1923 |
|
- |
Declaration of Republic |
October 29, 1923 |
|
Area |
|
- |
Total |
783,562 km2 (37th)
302,535 sq mi |
|
- |
Water (%) |
1.3 |
|
Population |
|
- |
2010 estimate |
73,722,988 [1] (18th) |
|
- |
2000 census |
67,803,927 [2] |
|
- |
Density |
94.1/km2 (108th)
239.8/sq mi |
|
GDP (PPP) |
2010 estimate |
|
- |
Total |
$1.116 trillion[3][4] (15th) |
|
- |
Per capita |
$15,340[5] |
|
GDP (nominal) |
2010 estimate |
|
- |
Total |
$735.264 billion[6][7] (17th) |
|
- |
Per capita |
$10,106[8] |
|
Gini (2008) |
40[9] |
|
HDI (2011) |
0.699[10] (high) (92nd) |
|
Currency |
Turkish lira[11] (TRY) |
|
Time zone |
EET (UTC+2) |
|
- |
Summer (DST) |
EEST (UTC+3) |
|
Date formats |
dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |
|
Drives on the |
right |
|
ISO 3166 code |
TR |
|
Internet TLD |
.tr |
|
Calling code |
90 |
TURKEY
Knocking at Europe's door yet on the threshold of Asia, Turkey
is truly a land of contrasts. Here you can scale the icy heights
of remote Mount Ararat in search of Noah's Ark, cross the
historic Euphrates and Tigris rivers, follow in the footsteps of
St Paul or simply relax on the golden Mediterranean sands of
Patara beach. Vibrant Istanbul, straddling the blue waters of
the Bosphorus separating Europe from Asia, beckons with its
skyline pierced by countless minarets, chaotic bazaars and a
history redolent with harem intrigue and despotic Sultans.
In Turkey, you can also cruise along more than a thousand
kilometers of Mediterranean coastline, past secluded coves,
rocky headlands and pretty fishing villages, or explore a
hinterland rich in the wonderfully preserved remains of
Greco-Roman cities such as Ephesus. For the adventurous, the
austere beauty of the Anatolian plateau, the surreal
rock-chimney landscape of Cappadocia and the atmospheric ruins
of the enigmatic Hittites await discovery. Here, too, is the
unique experience of watching the dervishes whirl in pious Konya.
With a code of hospitality nurtured by their Islamic beliefs yet
with a remarkable tolerance of other customs, the Turks offer a
warm welcome wherever you travel - be it sipping sweet black tea
or thick coffee with friendly villagers or sharing a bottle of
raki over mezes (hors d'oeuvres) with cosmopolitan Istanbul
'city slickers'.
Travel - International
AIR: Turkey's national airline is Turkish Airlines (THY).
Approximate flight times: From Frankfurt/M to Istanbul is 2
hours 45 minutes, from London is 3 hours 30 minutes and from New
York is 11 hours.
International airports:
Ankara (ESB) (Esenboga) is 35km (22 miles) northeast of the
city. THY buses go from the city 90 minutes before domestic
flights and 135 minutes before international flights. There is a
taxi service available into the city. Airport facilities include
incoming and outgoing duty-free shops; bank/bureau de change;
restaurant and bar.
Istanbul (IST) (Ataturk, formerly Yesilkoy) is 24km (15 miles)
west of the city (travel time - 30-50 minutes). A coach (THY
bus) goes every 15 minutes to the THY terminal. There are taxi
services to the city. Airport facilities include incoming and
outgoing 24-hour duty-free shop; bank/bureau de change;
restaurant; bar and car hire (Avis, Budget, Hertz and Europcar).
Sabiha Gokcen (SAW) is 40km (25 miles) from the city, on the
Asian side. It is Turkey's newest international airport, and
opened on January 8 2001. There are shuttle bus services to the
city (journey time - 30-45 minutes) and to Atatürk International
Airport (journey time - 60-70 minutes). Taxis are available 24
hours a day. Facilities include duty-free shops, bank, cash
dispensers, business centre and restaurants/cafés.
Izmir (IZM) (Adnan Menderes). A THY bus leaves from the city 75
minutes before departure. Airport facilities include bank/bureau
de change; restaurant and bar.
There are other international airports at Gaziantep, Adana,
Trabzon, Dalaman and Antalya.
SEA: Major ports are Istanbul, Izmir, Marmaris, Mersin,
Antalya and Bandirma. Turkish Maritime Lines (TML), the national
shipping organisation, and a number of cruise lines run services
to Turkey, including: Golden Sun Cruises, Epirotiki, Linblad
Expeditions, Costa, CTC, Norwegian, 'K' Lines and Sun Line.
Several ferry routes are available: To/from Italy: Ferries
operate between Venice-Izmir, Venice-Antalya/Marmaris,
Venice-Istanbul via Pireaus and Brindisi-Cesme. To/from Cyprus:
Three routes exist on which sea buses, together with car and
passenger ferries, operate: Alanya-Girne and Tasucu-Girne and
Gazimagosa-Mersin. To/from Greece: There are privately operated
ferry lines between Turkey and the Greek islands: Lesbos (Midilli)-Ayvalik,
Chios (Sakiz)-Cesme, Samos (Sisam)-Kusadasi, Cos (Istanköy)-Bodrum,
Rhodes (Rodos)-Marmaris, Sömbeki (Symi)-Datça.
Note: All ships, including private yachts, arriving in Turkish
waters must go to one of the following ports of entry:
Canakkale, Bandirma, Istanbul, Akcay, Ayvalik, Dikili, Izmir,
Cesme, Kusadasi, Güllük, Bodrum, Datca, Marmaris, Fethiye, Kas,
Finike, Kemer, Antalya, Alanya, Anamur, Söke, Tasucu (Silifke),
Mersin, Iskenderun, Samsun, Trabzon, Botas (Adana), Didim,
Derince, Tekirdag, Giresun, Rize, Sinop, Ordu, Zonguldak or Hopa
(Artvin).
RAIL: There are connections from London (Liverpool
Street) via Hook of Holland and Cologne to Istanbul on the
Istanbul Express, which also carries cars from several other
European cities. There is a weekly sleeper from Moscow.
InterRail tickets are available in the European part of Turkey
as far as Istanbul. Other international rail routes go to
Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Georgia. For more
information contact Turkish Railways (TCDD) in Istanbul (tel:
(212) 527 00 50/51; reservations: (212) 520 65 75).
ROAD: There are roads from the CIS, Greece, Bulgaria and
Iran. Drivers may either choose the northern route of Belgium,
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and then Bulgaria, or the
southern route through Belgium, Austria and Italy with a
car-ferry connection to Turkey. Coach: There are regular
services between Turkey and Austria, France, Germany and
Switzerland as well as Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Syria.

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